The OODA Loop ( OBSERVE ORIENT DECIDE ACT) – by Albert Mc Cready

The OODA loop is probably best described as an information processing system.

The term itself is an acronym for OBSERVE ORIENT DECIDE ACT.

In simple terms the thinking behind the “OODA Loop” is that we all firstly observe what is going on around us, we then orient or analyze the information, we decide what that information actually means and finally we take action based on our analysis.

Once we take the appropriate action, we observe the result of that action and thus the loop is restarted. This is a constant process at work in all of us, most often, subconsciously.

For example, if I am walking along the street, before I cross the road, I observe what is going on around me, I watch for traffic, I see the road is clear and I orient that information which leads me to the decision that I can safely cross the street. I then act on that decision.

The man who coined the term was John Boyd. Boyd himself was a fighter pilot and he was curious as to why some pilots were more successful than others. He came to the conclusion that the pilots whose loop was quickest were the most successful. Those pilots were setting the pace as it were, where their opponent was constantly being forced to react. It has been described as ‘getting inside your opponent’s loop’

So what does all this mean in the environment of self defense? In terms of conflict between two protagonists once you are inside your opponent’s loop you are the one setting the terms of the conflict. Your adversary is only in a position to react. This will give you a decided advantage as action will always be quicker than reaction, and as such you are in a position to change the focus of your attack, to change your tactics and targets so as to keep your loop spinning quicker than that of your rival.

The OODA Loop

If you look at the diagram, imagine that while you are acting, your rival is only then observing, in other words while he is taking account of your action and by the time he orients what he is experiencing and reaches a decision as to what action he is to take, you have already started a new action thus rendering his orientation and decision redundant as there is now a new set of circumstances for him to deal with.

This shows us the importance of the speed of our thoughts in dealing with an aggressor, turning the tables as it where and to act rather than react.

 

Albert Mc Cready

Women Only Self-Defence Classes

Women's Self-Defence

This class is a “Women’s Only” Self Defence course and is a must for any woman concerned with personal safety. Designed specifically with women in mind, these lessons are open to all women, of all ages and all levels of fitness. These classes are ideal for beginners and more experienced self defence student alike and cover a range of “ALL IMPORTANT” defence techniques including:
  • Release from choke
  • Release from wrist grabs
  • Knowing when and how to punch
  • Rape escape tactics
  • The Fence (protecting your personal space)
  • Defence Against Hand Bag Snatch
  • Defence Against Hair Pulls
  • Understanding fear
  • When it’s time not to be nice
  • Self-defence and the Law in Ireland
  • Anti-Abduction Drills
  • Road Rage Prevention skills and tactics
  • Putting it all together- Defence against the FIST MAN
Find Out More Information Now!

 Testimonials

The course has helped me immensely with some fears I have and although I hope I will never have to use any of the self-defence tactics, I have gained much confidence knowing that I can now defend myself better should a situation present itself. 

The advice on pre-empting an attack was invaluable and this something I know I will use in everyday life. From the first evening of the course I already felt more confident and some of the simplest tips have taught me to ensure safe surroundings while at home or on the street. 

But above all I found the course to be effective and enjoyable all thanks to the genuine enthusiasm, professionalism and skill of the instructors. 

Many, many thanks for everything.
– Amy Rose McGovern.
amyrosemcgovern@yahoo.com
———————
“The course was far better than I had expected. Very comprehensive. I will definitely recommend it to friends & family. I learnt a lot, and really enjoyed it-thanks.”
Beth O’Riordan 
beth.oriordan@yahoo.co.uk
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Women's Self-Defence Lessons
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Self Defence and Irish Legislation – By Steven Meighan, 1st Dan HTSDS Instructor, Garda Sergeant

Every person resident in the State is entitled to live in peace and to go about their business and other affairs in safety from threat and attack. Modern times have called for the introduction of legislation to outlaw the variety of assaults occurring daily in society. Without being sensationalist, people are being attacked on a daily basis. Indeed it is saddening to see that so-called minor attacks no longer make the news which only carries items about murders and people suffering life-changing injuries from unlawful violence.

The Irish law on assault and self-defence is covered in the Non-Fatal Offences against the Person Act 1997. The offences that may be committed against a person vary in degree from a threat to do injury to the actual infliction of violence resulting in bodily injury. This legislation outlines what actually constitutes an assault and the levels of severity. It also outlines the position where an assault may be justified by self-defence.

The bedrock of the Hard Target Self Defence School is one of awareness. If we are aware of our environment and the people and things in it, we can identify potential danger and avoid it. If we cannot avoid it, we control and protect our personal space. These two key concepts of awareness and situational control (using the Fence) are 90% of what self-defence actually consists of.

But what is the legal position if we have to move to the next step on our Game Plan and defend ourselves with an appropriate technique from the Hard Target curriculum?

A person commits an assault if he, without lawful excuse, intentionally or recklessly
(1) directly or indirectly applies force or causes an impact on the body of another or (2) causes another to believe on reasonable grounds that they are likely immediately to be subjected to such force or impact (Section 2 NFOAP Act 1997). It is interesting to note that force is not limited to striking a person, but also includes applying heat, light, noise, electricity or other forms of energy in solid, liquid or gaseous form.

There are three levels of seriousness of assault. They are simple or common assault (Section 2), assault causing harm (Section 3) and assault causing serious harm (Section 4). The punishments increase as the seriousness of the assault rises. The level of assault is, counter intuitively, determined by the nature of the injuries caused by the assault and not the actions of the assault itself. A simple punch could end up in a more serious category than a simple assault based on the injuries sustained.

An assault, of any nature, may be justified if the person is protecting themselves or a member of their family from injury, assault or detention caused by a criminal act based on all the circumstances surrounding the incident (Section 18).

A number of other scenarios may also be justified, but the one mentioned above is what is commonly referred to as the self-defence justification. This defence is what is called an affirmative defence. This means that if a person charged with an assault and claiming self-defence must raise and support the claim with evidence. It is then up to the prosecution to disprove the defence beyond a reasonable doubt. In reality, the judge or jury will decide if the self-defence claim is valid.

In layman’s terms this means that an assault is striking a person or making them believe that they are going to be struck. A person is entitled to defend themselves if they are physically attacked or they reasonably believe that they are going to be attacked immediately. The person’s defence must be reasonable and proportionate to the level of aggression shown by the attacked and cannot descend into revenge if the upper hand is gained by the defender.

From a Hard Target Self Defence School point of view, if a person approaches us violently – posturing, threatening, closing down the distance between us and invading our personal space – they have committed an assault on us. An application of an appropriate technique from the Hard Target curriculum would be a response to an assault on us. In other words we are the injured party and are responding to an unprovoked attack. The purpose of our defence is to enable us to escape.

There are four concepts that are used in determining if police action is justified. They do not apply to civilians but are useful to consider if an action is lawful.
• Is the action lawful? Yes if I have been assaulted.
• Is the action necessary? Yes to escape from the attacker.
• Is the action proportionate? Yes to escape e.g. choke hold.
• Is my action necessary? Yes to survive.

If you are attacked and forced to defend yourself, your first action after you have escaped are to call an ambulance for the attacker and to report that you have been assaulted to the police. Remember, you are the victim. The police will investigate all the circumstances of the incident.

Please note that above is an interpretation of the available legislation and practice. If in doubt advice should be sought from a reputable criminal law solicitor.

For more information on classes and seminars visit www.hardtargetselfdefence.com

By Steven Meighan, 1st Dan HTSDS Instructor, Garda Sergeant

Ice or Heat? Should You Use Ice or Heat on an Injury.

ice or heat treatmentNowadays, you only have to take a casual amble through your local chemist aisles to realise just how many products there are on the market for aches and soreness and whether sports-related or for general muscular and tissue injury.

I remember a time when “Deep Heat” was the cure-all for a myriad of pains and aches. Lately, there has been a big upsurge of Ice Treatments on the market in the form of Ice packs, freeze gels and sprays. Needless to say like most I was left scratching my head as to what is the best product to use – after all, no one wants to make an injury worse by using hot when you should have used cold and vice-versa, so I decided to do some research.

Ice packs and heat pads are among the most commonly used treatments in orthopaedics. So which one is the right one to use for your injury, ice or heat? And how long should the ice or heat treatments last? Read on for information about treatment of injuries with ice packs and heating pads.

Ice Treatment

Ice treatment is most commonly used for acute injuries. If you have a recent injury (within the last 48 hours) where swelling is a problem, you should be using ice treatment. Ice packs can help minimize swelling around the injury.

Ice packs are often used after injuries such as an ankle sprain have occurred. Applying an ice pack early and often for the first 48 hours will help minimize swelling. Decreasing swelling around an injury will help to control the pain.

With any sprain, strain or bruise, there is some bleeding into the underlying tissues. This may cause swelling, pain and delay healing. Ice treatment may be used in both the immediate treatment of soft tissue injuries and in later rehabilitation.

During immediate treatment, the aim is to limit the body’s response to injury.

Ice will:

  • Reduce bleeding into the tissues.
  • Prevent or reduce swelling.
  • Reduce muscle spasm and pain.
  • Reduce pain by numbing the area and by limiting the effects of swelling.

These effects all help to prevent the area from becoming stiff by reducing excess tissue fluid that gathers as a result of injury and inflammation.

Ice treatments may also be used for chronic conditions, such as “overuse” injuries in athletes. In this case, ice the injured area after activity to help control inflammation. Never ice a chronic injury before activity.

How are ice packs used?

  • Ideally, rub a small amount of oil over the area where the ice pack is to go (any oil can be used, even cooking oil!). If the skin is broken or there are stitches in place, do not cover in oil but protect the area with a plastic bag. This will stop the wound getting wet.
  • Place a cold wet flannel over the oil (you do not need to if using a plastic bag).
  • Place the ice pack over the flannel.
  • Check the colour of the skin after 5 minutes. If it is bright pink/red remove the pack. If it is not pink, replace the bag for a further 5-10 minutes.
  • Ice can be left on for 20 to 30 minutes but there is little benefit to be gained by leaving it on for longer. You run the risk of damaging the skin if ice is left on the skin for more than 20-30 minutes at a time.
  • The effect of the ice pack is thought to be improved if it is pressed gently on to the injured area.

Noteice can burn or cause frostbite if the skin is not protected with oil and/or other protection such as a wet flannel.

Heat Treatment

Do not use heat on a new injury (for example, soaking in a hot bath, using heat lamps, hot water bottles, deep heat creams, etc.). These will increase bleeding and make the problem worse.

When an injury is older than 48 hours, heat can be applied in the form of heat pads, deep heat cream, hot water bottles or heat lamps. Heat causes the blood vessels to dilate (open wide) which brings more blood into the area. It also has a direct soothing effect and helps to relieve pain and spasm. If heat is applied to the skin it should not be hot, gentle warmth will suffice. If heat is applied there is the risk of burns and scalds. The skin must be checked at regular intervals

Heat treatments should be used for chronic conditions to help relax and loosen tissues, and to stimulate blood flow to the area. Use heat treatments for chronic conditions, such as “overuse” injuries, before participating in activities.

Do not use heat treatments after activity, and do not use heat after an acute injury. Heating tissues can be accomplished using a heating pad, or even a hot, wet towel. When using heat treatments, be very careful to use a moderate heat for a limited time to avoid burns. Never leave heating pads or towels on for extended periods of time, or while sleeping.

Precautions when using heat and ice

Do not use cold packs or heat:

  • Over areas of skin that are in poor condition.
  • Over areas of skin with poor sensation to heat or cold.
  • Over areas of the body with known poor circulation.
  • If you have diabetes.
  • In the presence of infection.

Also, do not use ice packs on the left shoulder if you have a heart condition. Do not use ice packs around the front or side of the neck.

Ice or Heat?

Ice or Heat?

Ice Heat
When To Use Use ice after an acute injury, such as an ankle sprain, or after activities that irritate a chronic injury, such as shin splints. Use heat before activities that irritate chronic injuries such as muscle strains. Heat can help loosen tissues and relax injured areas.
How To Do It Read through the information on how to ice an injury. There are several ways to ice an injury. Heating pads or hot wet towels are both excellent methods. Place a washcloth under hot tap water and then apply to the injured area.
For How Long Apply ice treatments for no longer than 20 minutes at a time. Too much ice can do harm, even cause frostbite; more ice application does not mean more relief. It is not necessary to apply a heat treatment for more than about 20 minutes at a time. Never apply heat while sleeping.

Disclaimer: This article is for information only and should not be used for the diagnosis or treatment of medical conditions. Hard Target Blog has used all reasonable care in compiling the information but make no warranty as to its accuracy. Consult a doctor or other health care professional for diagnosis and treatment of medical condition.

Sources: About.com  patient.co.uk

Another successful 2 Day Self-Defence Seminar – November 2011

Congratulations to everyone who successfully completed the Hard Target intensive 2 Day Self-Defence seminar. We had a great group of students who all worked very well together throughout the classes this weekend.

Everyone gave it their all and showed great aptitude during training on the various modules covered: •Understanding body language before conflict •Protecting your personal space •Pre-emptive strikes •Release from chokes & strangles •Defence against knife hold ups •Knowing when and how to strike •Self Defence and the Law in Ireland.

2 Day Self Defence Seminar

What is mycoprotein: Some tasty recipes using Quorn

Many of my Personal Training clients ask about mycoprotein- namely Quorn.
I personally use it a lot as I very rarely eat meat of any kind and I highly recommend you try it out.

So what is Quorn (mycoprotein)?

Mycoprotein is the main ingredient in all Quorn products. It’s made from a member of the fungi family (like mushrooms and truffles) and is a high-quality meat-free protein that’s naturally low in fat, with very few calories. It’s high in dietary fibre (important for your digestive system) and has the essential amino acids your body needs, with no cholesterol or trans fats at all.

This means that Quorn ingredients and meals tend to be lower in saturated fats and calories than similar foods made with meat – as well as being delicious!

Below are some great meals to try. You will be surprised how easy they are to make and how delicious they taste.

A recent study showed that mycoprotein actually helps to lower cholesterol.

Singapore Noodles

Singapore Noodles

Ingredients

175g pack Quorn mince
2 blocks dried medium egg noodles
3 tbsp. hoisin sauce
2 cloves garlic, crushed
2 tbsp. rice wine or dry sherry
1 red chilli, seeded and finely chopped
1 tbsp. light soy sauce
1 tbsp. vegetable oil
4 spring onions, trimmed and chopped
50g mange-tout, halved lengthways
75g beansprouts
125g pak choi, chopped

Simply delicious, this is a great combination!

Preparation Time: 10 Minutes

Cooking Time: 5 minutes
Difficulty: 1
Serves: 2 to 3

LET’S COOK

Begin by heating a saucepan of water and when the water boils, cook the egg noodles as per the back of pack instructions.
Combine the Quorn mince, hoisin sauce, garlic, rice wine, chilli and soy sauce, mixing well, set to one side.

Heat a wok adding the vegetable oil. When the oil is hot, toss in half the chopped spring onions and the mange-tout and fry for a minute, then add the bean sprouts and pak choi, continue to cook stirring all the time for a further minute.

Lastly add the Quorn mince and continue to cook over a high heat for 2 minutes then toss in the cooked drained noodles.
Fork through and serve immediately garnished with the remaining spring onions.

Quorn Cottage Pie

Cottage PieINGREDIENTS

For the topping
700g potatoes, peeled and roughly chopped
225g parsnips, peeled and chopped
2 tbsp. semi-skimmed milk

Filling
350g Quorn mince
1 tbsp. vegetable oil
1 medium onion, finely chopped
1 medium carrot, finely chopped
100g frozen peas or mixed veg
400ml vegetable stock
1 dessertspoon vegetarian Worcestershire Sauce* optional.
1 tbsp. tomato purée
2 tbsp. salt reduced soy sauce
1 tbsp. corn flour mixed to a paste in 1 tbsp cold water
salt and freshly ground pepper

A tasty easy to prepare comfort food supper for all the family.

Preparation Time: 20-25 Minutes
Cooking Time: 20 Minutes
Difficulty: 1
Serves: 4

LET’S COOK

Preheat the oven to 180°C, Gas Mark 4

Boil the potatoes and parsnip until tender. Drain and set aside.
Meanwhile heat the oil in a saucepan, add the onion and the carrot and fry gently until softened.

Add the Quorn mince, frozen veg, vegetable stock, vegetarian Worcestershire sauce, tomato purée, soy sauce and seasoning. Simmer for 5 minutes and then add the cornflour made into a paste with the tablespoon of cold water and continue to simmer gently, stirring all the time, until thickened. Place in an ovenproof dish.

Mash the potatoes and parsnip with the milk until smooth, season to taste with the salt and pepper. Place the topping over the Quorn mince filling and fluff up with a fork.

Bake for 20 minutes until the topping is crisp.
Serve with a selection of fresh vegetables.

NUTRITIONAL INFORMATION
per serving
Energy: Kj 1448/Kcal 345
Fat: 5.8g of which 0.9g saturates
Sugar: 10.6g
Sodium: 1.2g

Welcome To The NEW Hard Target Blog!

Welcome to the NEW Hard Target Self Defence Blog. We look forward to you joining us for lots of post on a range of topics: All things Self-Defence including news & articles and tips & advice. We will also have features on Health and Fitness, including lots of very tasty cookery tips and recipes to help you with a healthy living.

We will also be doing some interviews with some well known names from the self-defence and martial arts world. There will also be videos and book reviews to look forward to… our aim is to make the Hard Target blog and interesting read so if there is anything you would like to see us posting email us your suggestions to hardtargetblog@gmail.com

Hard Target Self Defence Instructors

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